You are confusing the fact that academic tests do not even necessarily test intelligence and have a great educational component to them. You are also neglecting the vast majority of my post which was direct towards addressing the fact that West Africans in extremely wide varieties of socioeconomic statuses exceed every other race/ethnicity/group of people. On top of that, I don’t think West Africans have a stranglehold on having tough upbringings and there are plenty of billions of people with similar upbringings that never go sub 9.8.