We also have only recently the human genome. That doesn’t mean those genes do not exist and a great amount of evidence indicates such a predisposition. We also didn’t know the genes that predisposed somebody to Huntington’s Disease or somebody to having green eyes for quite a long time, but it was pretty obvious that is was a genetically inherited trait. You are simply playing games at this point as nobody said that the specific genes that predispose one to success in sprinting are known, but that West Africans, as a group, simply have them. There is plenty of scientific evidence to suggest that. Remember that gravity too is just a theory, but you are welcome to prove that one wrong anytime you wish.
1- What are the genes that give the ability to run fast?
There is some work done here to some of the genes, but we do not know all of them, clearly, so this question cannot be completely answered. If you spent more than 5 minutes you actually could find the work done on genes that contribute towards dopaminergic tone and numerous other traits associated with high levels of sprinting performance and more (I am throwing out the dopaminergic one so you actually have to do some research of your own since I know that will go over your head quite quickly).
2- Are they recessive or dominant?
lol now I know you do not know a damn thing of what this is about.
3- What are the genotype ratio that gives phenotype characteristics of sprinters?
Do you even understand what this means and the implications? I am talking about beyond first year high school biology.
4- Is fast type 11 physiology dominate over slow type 1 physiology- do hydrids arise? What are the characteristics of the hydrids ?
5- What are the specific genes that give muscle elastic properties?
- Studies on genetic variation within differing racial groups would need to use large sample sizes.
Fogelson has not touched on any of these questions and has aloofly avoided them. He hinted towards some athropometric variables within differing racial groups however the studies he cited can be printed out and used as TP because the sample sizes were poor.
All of the questions you just mentioned are incredibly stupid on the whole (in that they are the wrong questions and indicate your lack of understanding of the science at hand) and not even worth discussing. I am also going to take a stab and guess that you really don’t know much about statistics either (wait, you work at an insurance company)
What are the physiological traits responsible for speed? The obvious answer would be high % type 11 b fibres. The answer is not that simple. The winner of OG final or WR holder isn’t the athlete with the high % of type 11 b muscle fibres. Complex biomechanical factors come into play. This has a large technical element, which is subject to coaching, and the athlete’s ability to learn new motor patterns.
Why would a high percentage of Type IIb fibers be the answer? I’d be curious about that since there is nothing to indicate sprinters have a particularly larger number or size of fibers than say, Olympic lifters or shotputters or numerous other groups of athletes for that matter. And yes, clearly the issue is multi-factorial. I am assuming I am not talking to a 5 year old and I am talking to someone who presumes that the issue is more complex than a single gene or quality.
I’m done responding to this nonsense from a person who misrepresents what is said and has such a complete misunderstanding and lack of knowledge about even simple issues in genetics and biology.