from Kenny Croxdale - a preview of sorts
Fundamentals of Special Strength Training in Sports/Verkhoshansky
Page 56 The EXPLOSIVE-ISOMETRIC type of muscular tension is inherent to movements in which significant resistance is overcome (for example, snatch or jerking…throwing a heavy projectile). A basic peculiarity of these movements is the necessity to develop a significant working-force: the MAXIMAL is achieved, advantageously, AT THE END OF THE MOVEMENT.
The EXPLOSIVE-BALLISTIC type of muscular tension is characteristic of movements in which maximal force is applied to a relatively small resistance (for example, the shot put, javelin…). Here the motive force reaches maximum quickly AT THE BEGINNING and MIDDLE ranges of the movement, then begins to diminish. …As the resistance increases, this type of muscular tension switches to EXPLOSIVE-Ballistic.
The EXPLOSIVE-REATIVE-BALLISTIC type of muscular tension has the same peculiarities as the EXPLOSIVE-BALLISTIC type except for the regime of muscular work. Here the preliminary stretch phase is sharp and clear-cut, after which there is an immediate switch to overcoming work.
Page 61 It is not difficult to conclude that during dynamic-explosive-force with 20-40% of PO, the F (t) curve is characteristically determined entirely by the starting-strength of the muscles. With a resistance of 60-80% of PO their functional characteristics are changed. As it was in the previous instance, the beginning of the F (t) curve is determined by starting-strength, however, further on it is increasingly connected with the muscles’ ability to quickly display the maximum possible strength, i.e., the acceleration-strength of muscle.
Page 62 Thus, the working-effect of an athletic movement, executed with maximal volitional tension, is determined to a greater or a lesser degree by the four qualitative special-strength abilities: absolute-strength (PO), starting-strength (Q), acceleration-strength (G) and the absolute speed of muscle contraction (Vo).
Page 65 Starting-strength (Q) and acceleration-strength (G) are weakly dependent upon each other. The general abilities to display explosive-strength (I) and acceleration-strength (G) are to a significant degree determined by an aggregate of causes. Starting-strength (Q) and the general ability to display explosive force (I) have little in common.
Page 65 …the lesser the external resistance of the movement (consequently, the faster and briefer its execution) the larger the role of such abilities as absolute speed: and especially, starting-strength. And, vice-versa, the larger the external resistance the greater the importance of acceleration and absolute-strength. In accordance with these criteria of componential abilities (which secure the working-effect of explosive force), one can arrange the following series: Vo-Q-G-PO; which can correlate concretely with the external resistance of the movement, as depicted on the abscissa in figure 30.
Page 66 It is obvious that when overcoming insignificant external resistance (20-40% of PO) man is simply unable to display his strength potential. In this instance, the impulse force producing the movement is developed chiefly by starting-strength. With a large resistance (more than 60% of PO) the impulse force securing the working movement is developed primarily by acceleration and absolute-strength. Starting-strength plays an assistive role here. Thus, in order for the working tension to reach a certain level as quickly as possible, starting-strength is the underlying mechanism crucial for the display of acceleration-strength. First, it follows that with an external resistance, starting-strength is displayed under isometric conditions of muscular tension (the greater the external resistance the larger it is expressed); and acceleration-strength is displayed in the dynamic regime; second, the higher the level to which starting-strength is developed, the faster the acceleration-strength can be realized. The latter circumstance should unconditionally be emphasized considering the limited time for the execution of a speed-strength movement in athletics.
Page 69 The regime, in which and external resistance is actively overcome after being preceded by a sharp preliminary muscular stretch, is the most effective for training explosive-strength.
Page 69-70/Bench Press Throws…I co-wrote this article prior to reading Fundamentals. Verkhoshansky figured it out 25 years ahead of me…lol. Plyometric Bench Press Training http://www.strengthcats.com/plyobenchpress.htm
Page 78/Effector vs Afferent Impulse
Page 90-91/Complex Training…same thing here…Verkhoshansky was 24 year ahead of me on this… Building Strength and Power with Complex Training http://www.strengthcats.com/complextraining.htm
