The studies you seem to be referring to were done on sailors, and the performance measure was sailing speed.
(http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/747247_751304857_782431473.pdf)
I think it can be expected that average sailing speed will increase if sailors spend less time sleeping during a race, but I don’t think that this necessarily implies they were actually performing better while awake.
Dwain Chambers claims that he only sleeps about 4-5 hours a day though, so apparently it’s possible to perform well as a sprinter without getting the recommended 8 hours of sleep per day.